Authors

S. C. Konradt, J.-C. Jeske, M. Ohlhäuser, H. S. Rottengruber, Chair of Energy Conversion Systems for Mobile Applications, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg

Year

2026

Print Info

Production/Publication ÖVK

Summary

Decarbonizing road transport requires an assessment of competing propulsion concepts across their entire life cycle. This study compares the carbon footprint of conventional internal combustion engines (ICE), battery electric vehicles (BEV), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), and hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines (H₂ICE), with a particular focus on hydrogen storage technologies. Compressed hydrogen (350 bar, 700 bar) and liquid hydrogen (LH₂) are analyzed in combination with different production pathways (grey, blue, green and yellow). The methodology follows a cradle-to-grave approach, including vehicle manufacturing, energy supply, operation, and end-of-life phase. Scenarios for various storage technologies and energy pathways are modelled in the GREET .Net Software using current energy and emission data. The results show that storage technology, hydrogen pathway and vehicle type have a significant impact on the overall greenhouse gas emission balance and, in certain scenarios, can reduce the emission gap of FCEV and H₂ICE to BEV. The study provides a decision-making basis for OEMs, energy suppliers, and policymakers regarding the strategic direction of propulsion and infrastructure technologies.

ISBN

978-3-9504969-5-6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62626/uheo-rryx Copy link

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