Authors

G. Eckhard, L. Trippolt, S. Demuth, P. Krenn, Easelink GmbH, Graz

Year

2026

Print Info

Production/Publication ÖVK

Summary

The expansion of energy systems and the integration of variable renewable generation require scalable flexibility and storage. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can provide this flexibility via smart charging and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), but the practical impact depends on high connection availability and low-loss energy transfer.
This paper examines Matrix Charging, a fully automated conductive charging interface that establishes a galvanic vehicle-to-infrastructure connection via an underbody actuator. The work combines charging-time patterns from a 40-vehicle urban taxi fleet with laboratory investigations of transfer efficiency under defined operating conditions and relates the results to a standards-compliant communication architecture.
Insights from eTaxi Austria, the world’s largest automated charging project, indicate that charging technology can shape user behaviour. Frictionless automated charging promotes more frequent top-ups and reduces reliance on time-critical high-power charging, supporting more grid-friendly charging profiles. The DIVERGENT project provides implementation evidence for ISO 15118-20 compliant smart charging and bidirectional session handling, including machine-learning-supported scheduling in a demonstrator.
Measurement results confirm transfer efficiencies up to 99.6% at a representative operating point. Combined with state-of-the-technology onboard chargers, this yields a 4 to 10 percentage point grid-to-battery efficiency advantage over inductive charging. This efficiency advantage is particularly V2G-relevant, where conversion losses accumulate in both directions.
Matrix Charging is therefore positioned as a standards-oriented key technology to increase connection-in time and unlock grid value from BEVs.

ISBN

978-3-9504969-5-6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62626/wgmd-e6gb Copy link

Order Members Login