The Consequences of the Expansion of Charging Infrastructure for Battery Electric Vehicles to the Energy Supply by 2030 Using the Example of Austria

Authors

Dr. W. Tober, Dipl.-Ing. T. Bruckmüller, Dipl.-Ing. D. Fasthuber,
Vienna University of Technology

Year

2019

Print Info

Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 12, Nr. 811

Summary

The current low number of battery electric vehicles in the passenger car and light-duty truck fleet is subject to considerable growth, due to the ongoing increase of BEV sales. This raises numerous questions regarding the required charging infrastructure, which will be examined until 2030 in this study. In addition, the effects of higher numbers of BEVs in the fleet up to 100% are investigated.
Based on the fleet development and detailed mobility behavior of Austrian passenger car users, the power as well as the simultaneity of the use of charging infrastructure is calculated. In the calculation, the practical energy consumption of BEVs as well as the ambient temperature are taken into account. In addition, a detailed differentiation is made regarding the location (rural/urban), season, weekday, employment status of the driver, purpose of the journey and destination. The resulting power consumption and simultaneity lead to the required power, energy and number of charging points. The effects on the local distribution grid in different models (rural, town and city) are examined. In addition, costs for the construction of the charging points are estimated.
By 2030, the BEV fleet share is expected to be at 11% of the passenger car and 6.5% of the light-duty truck fleet. Due to their charging processes the peak power demand is 1.1 GW. This corresponds to 11% of the current peak power demand. The additional energy demand in 2030 is 2.2 TWh or 3.2% of the current demand. The examination of the local grid models shows that by 2030 no inadmissible exceedances occur in typical grids and therefore no grid expansion measures are expected. In 2030, around 860,000 charging stations will be needed, resulting in set-up costs of € 6.1 billion, which equates to € 9,800/vehicle.