A Viable Approach to Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion for Off-Road, Medium- and Heavy-Duty Transportation

Authors

Dr. J. E. Dec, Dr. D. Lopez Pintor, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore; Dr. R. Vijayagopal, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont:

Year

2023

Print Info

Production/Publication ÖVK

Summary

Low-temperature gasoline combustion (LTGC) with additive-mixing fuel injection (AMFI) is a new combustion strategy based on the kinetically-controlled compression ignition of a dilute charge with low-to-moderate fuel stratification, in which fast combustion control is provided by adding minute amounts of an ignition-enhancing additive into the fuel each engine cycle to control its reactivity. This strategy was used to operate an LTGC-AMFI engine at loads from idle to 16.3 bar BMEP and speeds from 600 to 2400 rpm with regular E10 gasoline. Over this load-speed range, the LTGC-AMFI engine delivered 10-25% better brake thermal efficiency than a similar-size market-leading diesel engine, resulting in significant GHG-emission reductions. LTGC has also been shown to work well with renewable liquid fuels for further GHG reductions. The LTGC-AMFI engine showed near-zero smoke and NOx emissions 4-100 times lower than those of a diesel, sufficiently low that no aftertreatment or passive NOx aftertreatment would be sufficient (diesel exhaust fluid is not required). Turbine-out temperatures were sufficient for oxidation catalysts for hydrocarbons and CO. Autonomie simulations over the GEM ARB Transient and the GEM 55 mph Cruise driving cycles for class-6 trucks using this technology showed fuel economies of 8.1 and 11.4 mpg-ge, respectively, corresponding to 25% and 20% improvements over a similar-size diesel engine. Engine-out NOx emissions were 0.024 and 0.01 g/bhp-h, respectively, well below current U.S. emission standards.

ISBN

978-3-9504969-2-5