Combustion Engines for Electrified Powertrains – Systems Engineering between Efficiency, Emission and Cost

Autoren

Dipl.-Ing. Martin Vögler, Dipl.-Ing. Achim Königstein, Dr.-Ing. Norman Fuhrmann, Opel Automobile GmbH, Rüsselsheim;
Prof. Dr.techn. Christian Beidl, MSc. Mikula Thiem, Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Fahrzeugantriebe, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt

Zusammenfassung

Future CO₂-legislation cannot be met with propulsion systems consisting of internal combustion engines, only. The electrification of the propulsion system will become mandatory. For the volume segment (A-, B- and C-Segment) 48V mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEV) represent a cost effective solution. Opel Automobile GmbH together with the Technische Universität Darmstadt has performed a detailed study based on extensive vehicle simulation identifying the most promising electric architecture not only under technical but also under cost effective aspects. Although a P0/P1
architecture is the cheapest entry level electrification from cost to benefit perspective P2- and P3-hybrids would be the preferred solution. The selection of the components must be done on a system level taking into account both the complete propulsion
system as well as the vehicle.

Since electrified propulsion will move from niche to mainstream the internal combustion engine has to be adopted to the new environment. Especially for MHEVs the efficiency of the internal combustion engine (ICE) represents a major contributor to the overall efficiency. Based on the simulation study it was shown that most advanced ICE technologies are synergistic with MHEVs and therefore represent the first choice due to their favorable cost to benefit performance. A simple carry-over approach of current
"primary mover ICE" into the environment would not take the full benefit. One example of the turbocharger matching showed that the requirements will be quite different and the subsystem technical specifications of the turbocharger have to change. Finally the same performance can be delivered at lower system cost considering the changed environment. All components and subsystems have to be carefully assessed in the same way. But, it is not expected that this will only result in de-contenting, others may result in more challenging specifications due to NVH or drive quality requirements.

Nevertheless, future vehicles will only be successful if they completely fulfil legal standards, met or better exceed customers' requirements and still remain affordable.

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