New vehicle concepts for future business models

Autoren

Horst E. Friedrich, Christian Ulrich, Stephan Schmid, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Fahrzeugkonzepte

Jahr

2019

Zusammenfassung

Today there are already approximately 950 million passenger cars in use worldwide, tendency rising. This results in severe traffic problems: traffic jams, parking space problems, and extreme air pollution. Because urban areas are especially affected, cities around the world react with action plans. “Low emission zones”, “urban road tolls”, or even the total ban of specific vehicle types are being established to keep private, but also commercial vehicles out of the city centers. The "Roadmap Towards a single European Transport Area” by the European Commission presents a strategy to alter the EU’s transport system with specific attention to the issues in urban traffic:
the greenhouse gas emissions from transport shall by reduced by 60% with respect to 1990 and there shall by no more conventionally-fueled cars in cities by 2050 [1]. In line with this, Germany also adopted its own climate protection plan in 2016, which aims to be greenhouse gas neutral by 2050 [2]. An important step in this direction is to emit about 40% less greenhouse gases by 2030 than in 1990. This is to be achieved through specific measures such as increased expansion of public transport, promotion of alternative drive systems, or sector coupling. In the transport sector,
passenger cars and motorized two-wheeled vehicles account for about three quarters of total transport performance. In freight transport, trucks are responsible for ca. 75% of the transport performance. The increased volume of traffic between 1990 and 2014 is the reason why the emission of greenhouse gases remained almost constant despite better vehicle efficiency. In order to achieve the targets, further measures must be taken in addition to increased vehicle efficiency technologies. Besides climate protection, trends such as demographic change, urbanization, and individualization towards a single-society demand for further developments in mobility systems.
While prior developments focused primarily on the electrification of the powertrain f “conventional” vehicles, the interaction of the technology trends electrification, autonomous driving, and connectivity enable completely new, disruptive, vehicle concepts. The conventional car design, which existed for the last 130 years, is not inevitable anymore. Together with changing vehicle concepts, new business models come along: the sharing-approach aims to utilize equipment as efficient as possible by consuming them collaboratively. The digitalization allows for new business models like sharing single rides or cars, e.g. Uber or Car2Go. With the introduction of autonomous
driving, the high costs for drivers are eliminated, making further business models attractive. Individual mobility changes from a possessing model to a service: “Mobility-as-a-Service” (MaaS) or “pay-per-use”. A societal rethinking towards MaaS has the potential to improve current traffic issues sustainably.

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