An Experimental Study of Water Injection in a Downsized, Highly Boosted Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine

Autoren

Prof. Sam Akehurst, Dr. Karl Giles, Simeon Howson, Dr. Andrew Lewis, Dr. Hao Yuan, University of Bath, Bath
James Harris, Gavin Fowler, John Geddes, Jaguar Land Rover, Coventry

Zusammenfassung

This paper describes an experimental program conducted at the University of Bath, aspart of the Jaguar Land Rover Centre of Excellence for Boosting and Dilution, investigating the performance benefits of water injection on a 4-cylinder gasoline engine.

A 2.0 litre, 10.5:1 compression ratio (CR) ULTRABOOST engine variant was used as the base engine for this experimental program. The performance targets of the production 4-cylinder Ingenium gasoline engine, which has 3 power levels, were targeted. The ULTRABOOST engine was utilised due to its proven track record as a robust experimental platform, whilst a forced induction simulator system was installed to replace the standard boosting system. Technical highlights of the engine include, dual highpressure direct-injection system (one central and one side), port-injection system, fuel/water emulsification system, cam profile switching (CPS) and dual variable valve
timing (VVT). The injection systems on this engine allowed for three water injection configurations to be investigated; Direct water with separate DI Gasoline injection, Direct Water/Gasoline emulsion injection and Port Water with Direct Gasoline. The paper will present findings mostly on the λ=1 operation window, subject to exhaust temperature limits and will discuss the benefits derived from each strategy with respect to combustion phasing, indicated efficiency and emissions.

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