Ammonia – the Key to Sustainable Energy and Transportation Systems?

Authors

A. Wimmer, N. Wermuth, Graz University of Technology / LEC GmbH, Graz; M. Malin, LEC GmbH, Graz:

Year

2024

Print Info

Production/Publication ÖVK

Summary

The concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere is increasing by 2 to 3 ppm per year and has recently exceeded the 420-ppm mark. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments and organizations around the world have put forward ambitious plans. The European Commission recommends a 90% reduction in emissions by 2040 with the aim of becoming the first climate-neutral continent. A crucial role in achieving these goals is the transition from an energy system based on fossil fuels to one based on renewable energy. The European Union will probably continue to cover a large part of its energy needs with imports in the future, making the transportation and storage of renewable energy highly relevant. Liquid hydrogen carriers, which are produced by electrolysis and subsequent synthesis, are particularly suitable for storing large amounts of energy. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia has the advantage that it can be stored under moderate pressure and temperature conditions and can therefore be used for energy transportation.

This article shows a path for the introduction of ammonia in large engine applications. Potentials and challenges are discussed on the basis of ammonia properties. Various combustion concepts are presented and compared with regard to operating ranges and emissions as well as the effects on the overall engine architecture. Finally, the research and development needs for series applications are summarized.

ISBN

978-3-9504969-3-2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62626/314w-6opn Copy link